Sept 2003 DOT Report — State of Knowledge of Drug-Impaired Driving

http://www.nhtsa. dot.gov/people/ injury/research/ StateofKnwlegeDr ugs/StateofKnwle geDrugs/pages/ TOC.html

See Specifically:

3 - DETECTION AND MEASUREMENT OF DRUGS

GENERAL METHODS AND SPECIMENS FOR DRUG SCREENING

Urinalysis

The drug testing methodology for urinalysis is well established. With the advent of workplace testing, where large numbers of drug tests are conducted daily in the United States, urinalysis methods have become the standard by which other technologies are being compared. Drugs and drug metabolites are detectable in urine for several days after the drug has been used. This several-day window of detection can overlap with intoxication, impairment, and being "under the influence," and can extend even beyond these states of behavioral impairment. Therefore, while a positive urine test is solid proof of drug use within the last few days, it cannot be used by itself to prove behavioral impairment during a focal event. There are national standards for urine testing in place as well as national certification programs for laboratories performing forensic urine drug testing. A number of states with per se "zero tolerance" laws are currently using urine tests to enforce their laws under which the prosecutor must show only that the driver of the car had prohibited metabolites in his/her system.


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